The ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report for 28 April - 4 May 2024 covers cholera, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory viruses in the EU/EEA, avian influenza A(H5N1) in cattle with a human case, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, and Lassa fever. This bulletin is crucial for epidemiologists and health professionals monitoring public health threats.

Northwestern University researchers developed a molybdenum carbide catalyst that efficiently converts CO2 into CO using table sugar. The catalyst is affordable, stable, and scalable, lasting 500 hours without losing selectivity. This breakthrough addresses carbon emissions and offers a practical solution for climate change. Future plans involve combining the catalyst with metal-organic frameworks for enhanced carbon capture and conversion, potentially revolutionizing carbon sequestration.

Donald Trump plans the largest mass deportation in US history if re-elected, targeting 11 million undocumented immigrants. He aims to deploy military and police units, create detention camps, and bypass legal protections. Trump's team, including Stephen Miller, is determined to swiftly remove immigrants, potentially involving over a million deportations annually. The plan includes using the military and state police, raising concerns about violating due process and targeting US citizens.

German government vows consequences for Russia after attributing a 2023 cyber attack on Chancellor Scholz's party to Russian group APT28. Measures considered include EU sanctions and diplomatic expulsions. Czech Republic also targeted. NATO allies discussing co-ordinated responses. Hack exploited Microsoft software vulnerability. GRU, Russia's military intelligence, known for aggressive cyber activities. Russia aims to destabilize German government and political parties. Multiple cyber attacks linked to Russia in recent years.

Duke University researchers developed a new influenza vaccine focusing on a less variable part of the virus surface. The vaccine, targeting the stalk of the hemagglutinin protein, showed promising results in mice and ferrets. This approach aims to create a universal flu vaccine, reducing the need for annual shots. The experimental vaccine provided strong immunity in tests, with 100% protection in mice. Funding was provided by NIH/NIAID.

Turkey has ceased all import and export activities with Israel in protest of the conflict in Gaza. The trade was valued at $7 billion in 2023, with Turkey exporting $5.4 billion worth of goods to Israel and importing $1.6 billion. Israel's foreign minister criticized Turkey's actions, while Hamas praised the move. The conflict has resulted in over 34,600 Palestinian deaths, with a significant number being women and children.

The AI-ENCODE study presented at SCAI 2024 revealed AI's success in extracting key data from routine angiograms, potentially enhancing coronary angiography's diagnostic abilities. Leveraging machine learning, the study achieved AUCs of 0.87 for LVEF and LV filling pressures. This breakthrough could improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes by providing comprehensive data without the need for additional tests.

The XRISM X-ray space telescope, launched in Sept. 2023 by NASA and JAXA, uses Resolve, a 6-by-6-pixel microcalorimeter array, to study the universe in "soft X-rays." Resolve's technology allows for detailed analysis of X-ray-emitting objects with just 36 pixels, compared to millions in smartphones. It can detect celestial object motion, providing a 3D view, and operates at minus 459.58 degrees Fahrenheit.

The FDA has approved the Apple Watch's atrial fibrillation history feature as an MDDT, allowing its use in clinical trials. This endorsement signifies the device's accuracy and reliability in health tracking. Apple Watch continuously adds health features, with the upcoming watchOS 11 expected in June. Despite disputes over patents, the Apple Watch remains a popular and trusted health and fitness tracker.

Ongoing heatwaves can negatively impact mental health, leading to increased aggression, depressive tendencies, and substance use. Studies show extreme heat can deplete memory, attention, and reaction time. Heatwaves can cause insomnia and emotional instability. Outdoor temperature is linked to mental health issues like suicide attempts and hospital admissions. To cope, stay hydrated, limit outdoor activity, practice self-care, and monitor mental health during heatwaves.

Polestar and StoreDot showcased Extreme Fast Charging, topping up a Polestar 5 prototype's battery from 10 to 80% in 10 minutes, reaching a peak of 370kW. The 77kWh battery can be expanded to 100kWh, adding 320km in 10 minutes. Swat Mobility, part of Goldbell Engineering, raised US$7.2 million. Porsche Cayenne GTS achieves a 4.4-second century sprint.

Russian troops entered a US military base in Niger. The Russian defense ministry reported destroying six Ukrainian drones, five over Belgorod and one over Crimea. Hungary plans to increase defense spending if the Ukraine conflict extends into 2025, following Poland's lead in doubling defense expenditure to 3.9% of GDP by 2023. Hungary's defense spending rose to 2.43% of GDP in 2023.

Young people with high blood pressure are nearly four times more likely to suffer from stroke and heart attack later in life. A study by McMaster University reveals the long-term risks of hypertension among youth. In India, hypertension contributes to over 10.8% of deaths. Early detection and treatment in childhood can reduce the risk of severe heart conditions in adulthood. Dr. Cal Robinson emphasizes the importance of pediatric blood pressure screening.

Scientists from ICR, Oxford, and Cambridge identified key features of B cells in fighting advanced breast cancer. Using B cell receptor sequencing, they found genetic variations in B cells that become more effective at targeting cancer cells. Unique B cells were found at multiple tumor sites, migrating to identify cancer throughout the body. A computational tool was developed to predict successful B cell detection for personalized immunotherapy.

NSW's cabinet meeting prioritized addressing violence against women after Molly Ticehurst's alleged murder. Deputy Premier Prue Car announced an imminent emergency domestic violence package, emphasizing quick action. The government's commitment to investing in women's safety is welcomed, though it took two weeks of national outcry post-Ticehurst's death to initiate action. Medium and long-term solutions are also planned.

The 21st-century space race focuses on commercial interests, with private companies leading the charge. Over 70 countries now have space programs, compared to just the US and the Soviet Union in the past. The global space industry is projected to generate over $1 trillion in revenue in the next two decades. SpaceX's Starship rocket, aiming for Mars colonization, is a key player in this new era.

Global health is shifting due to social and demographic changes, with life expectancy rising from 66.8 years in 2000 to 73.4 in 2019. However, healthy life expectancy only increased from 58.3 to 63.7 years. While communicable disease-related disability-adjusted life years fell by 50%, those due to diabetes rose by over 80% between 2000 and 2019. Obesity rates have doubled worldwide in the past 30 years.

Stanford researchers aim to protect coral reefs by focusing on sustainable land resources. A new study in Nature Sustainability highlights the importance of watershed interventions for both ecological and socioeconomic benefits. Another team at Stanford has developed sensors to detect DNA in seawater, aiding marine biodiversity studies. Researchers are also working on biodegradable sunscreen made from bacteriophages to reduce environmental harm. This innovative sunscreen may offer better UV protection.

Scientists, led by Professor Rajiv Jalan, discovered liver cells responsible for tissue repair, aiding in the organ's regeneration process. Published in Nature, the study identified wound-healing cells crucial for liver repair. Techniques like single-cell RNA sequencing and imaging in mice were used. The findings could lead to new therapies for liver diseases. The research involved multiple universities and was funded by Wellcome.

OpenAI's ChatGPT sparked an AI race with Google's Gemini, Microsoft's Copilot, X's GrokAI, and Meta's Meta AI. Apple, led by CEO Tim Cook, hinted at upcoming AI announcements during an earnings call, emphasizing their advantage in generative AI. Cook previously mentioned Apple's plans for generative AI during a shareholders call and an annual meeting. Apple's future events, Let Loose and WWDC, may unveil more AI-related news.

Saudi Arabia and the US are finalizing a landmark deal to strengthen trade and defense, contingent on Saudi-Israeli diplomatic relations. The agreement includes security, economic, and technological aspects, as well as support for Saudi Arabia's civilian nuclear program. The deal, crucial for both countries, aims to counter Iran, Russia, and China's influence in the Middle East. The US-Saudi pact may bypass Congress, similar to a security agreement with Bahrain.

Gangs in Haiti attacked neighborhoods in Port-au-Prince, burning homes and clashing with police. Over 2,500 people were killed or injured from January to March 2024, a 50% increase from the previous year. More than 90,000 fled the capital in a month due to escalating gang violence. Gangs control 80% of Port-au-Prince, prompting demands for safety measures as new leadership struggles to address the crisis.

A study by the University of Barcelona shows that photobiomodulation effectively treats cognitive impairments caused by chronic stress by targeting the brain-gut axis. This non-invasive therapy stimulates the brain and gut simultaneously, potentially offering new avenues for treating psychiatric conditions. The therapy is safe, well-tolerated, and may be applicable in treatment-resistant depression. The study suggests a promising treatment pathway for neurological disorders.

Researchers at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital discovered a groundbreaking treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) using the protein function inhibitor ESI1, which effectively regenerates myelin in nerve cells. ESI1 targets gene silencing in oligodendrocytes, increasing myelin production. Successful tests on mice and human brain cells suggest potential for human trials, offering new pathways for treating MS and other neurodegenerative diseases. The study was published in Cell on May 2, 2024.

A deal aims to build 1.2 million new homes by 2029. The State of the Housing System report warns of worsening conditions without government action. The Community Housing Industry Association wants to double the $10 billion Housing Australia Future Fund. An independent report predicts missing the 1.2 million homes target. The National Housing Supply and Affordability Council urges the government to fulfill promises to address housing issues.

Congo is facing its largest mpox outbreak, with over 4,500 suspected cases and nearly 300 deaths reported since January. A new, more easily transmissible form of the disease has been detected in a mining town. Genetic mutations suggest ongoing human transmission. The outbreak has been declared a health emergency. Experts warn of silent transmission due to low testing rates. Vaccines are scarce, with efforts to secure doses underway.

The World Health Organization ended the COVID-19 public health emergency on May 5, 2023. Only Alberta and Ontario have proposed plans for future health emergencies. Lessons include the need for early policy development, consideration of alternative scientific narratives, validation of research, recognition of unmeasurable costs and benefits, and acknowledgment of diverse social values. Urgency is stressed in preparing for future pandemics.

Synthetic cell development offers potential breakthroughs in food, medical sciences, and understanding life's origins. Researchers aim to mimic biological processes with non-living cellular biochemistry. Benefits include disease treatment, space exploration support, and insights into Earth's beginnings. Synthetic cells could enhance food production, detect contaminants, and advance medical therapies. NASA's involvement suggests implications for extraterrestrial life exploration. Lead author Lynn Rothschild highlights the field's vast possibilities.

A critical GitLab vulnerability, CVE-2023-7028, with a severity rating of 10/10, is actively exploited, allowing account hijacking without user interaction. Thousands of users have not installed the patch released in January. The vulnerability affects accounts without multifactor authentication. Over 2,100 vulnerable GitLab instances were identified globally, with the highest concentration in India. CISA urges immediate patching for federal agencies. Users are advised to enable MFA.

Microsoft has committed to supporting the development of 10.5 gigawatts of new renewable energy capacity worldwide, costing an estimated $11.5 to $17 billion. This agreement, the largest corporate purchase of renewable energy to date, aims to fuel Microsoft's AI ambitions and climate goals. The deal with Brookfield Asset Management will help Microsoft achieve its target of matching 100% of its electricity use with carbon-free energy purchases by 2030.

Israeli professor Shai Davidai at Columbia University criticizes pro-Palestinian protestors, leading to NYPD arresting hundreds. Over 30,000 Palestinians dead, many children. Extremism on college campuses includes support for Hamas violence. American discourse on Israel-Palestine broken, dominated by radicals. Pro-Israel movement radicalized, abandoning two-state solution. Pro-Palestinian movement influenced by far-left factions. Mainstream support for Palestinian cause growing. Need for pro-peace voices to rebuild dialogue and create productive coalitions.

A study led by Harvard-affiliated researchers identified 56 plasma proteins linked to liver cancer, with 4 proteins forming a predictive model more accurate than traditional risk factors. Using proteomics, they detected 1,305 proteins in blood samples, aiming to develop a non-invasive early detection method. The study, supported by NIH/NCI, calls for further validation in larger and diverse populations. Liver cancer is a major global health concern due to late-stage diagnosis and high mortality rates.

Cedars-Sinai and Smidt Heart Institute developed EchoCLIP, a machine learning algorithm trained on over 1 million echocardiograms, enhancing cardiologists' interpretation. EchoCLIP can assess heart function, past surgeries, and identify patients needing treatment. It outperforms existing models due to its extensive training data. This innovative model integrates computer vision and natural language processing to aid cardiologists in echocardiogram analysis, a significant advancement in healthcare AI.

Education International launched the United Nations High-Level Panel on the Teaching Profession's recommendations for ASEAN countries, addressing a projected need for 4.5 million teachers by 2030. President Susan Hopgood highlighted critical teacher shortages and emphasized the urgent need for increased state funding. The campaign aims to improve teacher training, working conditions, and public investment in education to ensure educational equality and economic growth in ASEAN.

Microsoft's research team discovered a critical path traversal vulnerability in popular Android apps, affecting billions of users. Over four billion installations were at risk on the Google Play Store. Microsoft collaborated with developers like Xiaomi and WPS Office to fix the issue by February 2024. They also partnered with Google to educate developers on preventing such vulnerabilities. The vulnerability could allow attackers to execute code and access sensitive data.

Fintech firm Klarna's AI chatbot replaced 700 customer service jobs, saving $40 million. Teleperformance's stock dropped 55% due to AI disruption fears. Tata Consultancy Services CEO predicts AI will eliminate call center jobs in India. AI adoption negatively impacts non-AI job demand in India. Despite challenges, India aims to create high-tech jobs and benefit from AI advancements. Nomura forecasts India's economy to grow 7% in the next five years.

In 2024, President Joe Biden signed an executive order to improve women's health research, aiming to integrate women's health across federal agencies. Dr. Stacy Sims highlights the importance of sex-specific research for optimal health outcomes. Women are underrepresented in medical literature, but studies including women have increased. Sims emphasizes strength training for women's brain health and hormonal changes during menopause. Protein intake is crucial for women's muscle synthesis.

A personalised mRNA vaccine for melanoma is in late-stage trials in the UK, showing promise in reducing cancer recurrence. This cutting-edge therapy uses the body's immune system to target cancer cells. Customised to each patient's genetic makeup, the vaccine introduces tumour-specific antigens to trigger an immune response. Initial results indicate a 49% lower risk of death or recurrence when used alongside immunotherapy. Phase 3 trials aim to confirm these findings.

Universal Music Group artists like Drake, Adele, Bad Bunny, and Billie Eilish will return to TikTok after a new licensing agreement was reached following a three-month dispute. Taylor Swift's songs had briefly returned last month. UMG and TikTok will collaborate on monetization, artist support, and AI protection. TikTok plans to enhance artist tools. The platform's future is uncertain due to legislation requiring ByteDance to sell or shut down.

The U.S. has accused Russia of using chemical weapons against Ukrainian troops, leading to more sanctions on Russian individuals and entities. The U.S. State Department stated Russia violated the Chemical Weapons Convention by using chloropicrin. The Kremlin denied the accusations as "unfounded."

A section of the Meizhou-Dabu highway collapsed in Guangdong, China, killing 48 people and injuring 30, with 23 vehicles trapped. President Xi Jinping ordered a full rescue effort. Heavy rain may have triggered the collapse. The highway's management company has faced lawsuits. This is China's deadliest road collapse in over a decade. The incident occurred during the Labor Day holiday.

In the U.S. v. Google antitrust case, the government alleges Google used unfair tactics to maintain search dominance. The trial, overseen by Judge Amit P. Mehta, may result in changes to Google's business practices or even a breakup. This case is significant as it challenges the power of tech giants like Google, Apple, Amazon, and Meta, setting a legal precedent for future antitrust actions.

The OECD predicts global economic growth of 3.1% in 2024, up from a previous forecast of 2.9%. Inflation is expected to decrease, allowing for potential interest rate cuts. Unemployment rates are forecasted to remain low. A 25% increase in oil prices due to Middle East conflict could reduce global growth by 0.4%. The U.S. is a key driver of global economic strength. China's growth forecast is raised to 4.9%.

Researchers at Wageningen University & Research in the Netherlands are experimenting with intercropping on simulated Martian soil to improve crop yields for future Mars colonies. In a controlled greenhouse, cherry tomatoes grown with peas and carrots doubled their yield compared to monocropped tomatoes. This method could help sustain human bases on Mars, reducing reliance on costly and risky rocket deliveries for food. NASA aims to send humans to Mars in the 2030s.

Ukrainian soldiers face Russian aerial glide bombs and lack of ammunition, forcing retreats. Ukraine allocates $960 million for fortifications, but slow progress hampers defense. U.S. aid package aims to close firepower gap. Lack of preparedness rooted in downsizing military post-independence. Russian attacks hinder construction efforts, with workers facing danger and pressure to build fast. Corruption concerns arise in rushed contracts. Russian assaults continue to impact Ukraine's defensive capabilities.

Microsoft's fear of Google's AI dominance led to a multi-billion dollar partnership with OpenAI, revealed in a redacted email. Microsoft's CTO expressed concerns about AI capabilities compared to Google. Microsoft struggled to replicate NLP models like BERT, giving Google a competitive edge. Microsoft invested $1 billion in OpenAI in 2019 to develop AGI, making Microsoft its exclusive cloud provider. The partnership aims to enhance Microsoft Azure's AI capabilities.

NASA is involving private companies in Mars exploration, awarding 12 research tasks for future missions. Nine companies will conduct concept studies for Mars-related services, with awards ranging from $200,000 to $300,000. Studies will focus on payload delivery, imaging, and communications. Companies include Lockheed Martin, SpaceX, Blue Origin, and more. This initiative mirrors NASA's successful Commercial Lunar Payload Services program. The studies aim to lower costs and increase mission frequency.

U.S. Secretary of State Blinken is pushing for a cease-fire deal between Israel and Hamas to end the seven-month war in Gaza. Talks are ongoing, with Hamas seeking assurances for a full hostage release before agreeing to a cease-fire. The proposed deal includes a phased withdrawal of Israeli forces and a five-year reconstruction plan. The war has killed over 34,000 Palestinians and displaced 80% of Gaza's population.

The Einstein Probe, inspired by lobster eyes, uses X-ray technology to capture cosmic events. Its Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) covers one-eleventh of the sky in a single shot, detecting over 140 X-ray transients since February. The Follow-up X-ray Telescope (FXT) provides detailed close-ups. This innovative approach promises groundbreaking discoveries during its three-year survey mission starting in June.

Anthropic introduces the Team plan with enhanced features for businesses, including longer conversation capabilities and document processing. The company's Claude models have gained popularity, with Claude 3 Opus outperforming competitors. Anthropic raised $7.3 billion in funding and has notable clients like Pfizer and Asana. The generative AI field saw significant growth in 2023. Anthropic's policies align with OpenAI's on prohibiting AI use for harmful purposes.

The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, analyzed the effects of exercise on gene expression, proteins, fats, metabolites, and more. Researchers found 22 genes consistently changed across tissues, impacting heat shock pathways, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and diseases like Type 2 diabetes. Sex differences were observed, with male rats losing body fat while females maintained. The study aims to tailor exercise recommendations for individuals.

A two-week standoff at Columbia University escalated as protesters occupied a building, demanding divestment from Israel. Over 1,000 arrests were made nationwide. Columbia suspended students who defied orders to leave. Police cleared protesters from Hamilton Hall. At UCLA, clashes erupted between pro-Palestinian and pro-Israeli groups. Police intervened to stop the violence. The situation remains tense on college campuses across the country.

Host-directed therapies (HDT) are being developed to combat TB, with 7.5 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths reported globally in 2022. MDR-TB accounted for 410,000 cases and 160,000 deaths. HDT aims to enhance immune responses, targeting immune pathways to improve treatment, especially for MDR-TB. Assoc Prof Brighenti's research focuses on using HDAC inhibitors to boost immune defenses and reduce Mtb growth inside immune cells.

NSW launches a campaign against coercive control, making it a criminal offense in July. DVNSW calls for $145m funding increase for domestic violence services. Federal government pledges $925m over 5 years to aid victims. NSW deputy premier emphasizes urgent action on women's safety. Emergency cabinet meeting to address domestic violence. Greens MP criticizes lack of funding in the campaign. Full Stop Australia CEO stresses the importance of educating the community on coercive control.

A study in JAMA Pediatrics linked better physical fitness in children and adolescents to reduced risks of anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Analyzing data from four million Taiwanese students, the study found a dose-dependent relationship between physical fitness levels and mental disorder risks. Improved cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular endurance were particularly associated with lower incidences of mental disorders, emphasizing the importance of fitness in promoting mental health.

Scientists from the Netherlands and South Korea have developed an iontronic memristor, mimicking brain synapses with a microfluidic channel containing a salt solution. This brain-like device changes conductivity when receiving electrical signals, resembling how our brain cells connect based on experiences. Unlike conventional memristors, it uses water and salt instead of silicon and metals. This breakthrough in neuromorphic technology is a step towards more independent artificial intelligence.

Amazon's Q1 2024 revenue reached $143.3bn, up 13% from 2023, surpassing Wall Street's expectations. AWS revenue rose 17% to $25bn, credited to AI focus. Advertising sales grew 24% to $11.8bn. Amazon plans to invest $11bn in Indiana for data centers, creating 1,000 jobs. Shares rose 5% in after-hours trading. CEO Andy Jassy highlighted customer experience improvements.

Scientists in Singapore have developed a reusable adhesive inspired by snail mucus and gecko feet. The adhesive can support 60kg from a ceiling hook, 10 times stronger than a gecko's feet. It can be easily detached with a hair dryer. Made from shape-memory polymers, it mimics snail mucus properties. The adhesive can conform to surfaces when heated and lock in place when cooled.

Former Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao was sentenced to four months in jail for money-laundering violations, fined $50m personally, and fined the company $4.3bn. Despite facing a 36-month sentence, mitigating factors led to a shorter term. Zhao's failure to comply with US laws allowed illicit transactions, including those involving terror groups. Zhao plans to focus on an online education platform post-sentencing.

United Methodist delegates voted 667-54 to reverse anti-LGBTQ policies, removing penalties for same-sex marriages and bans on LGBTQ clergy and funding for gay-friendly ministries. The General Conference's progressive shift follows a historic schism, with conservative churches leaving due to the denomination's stance. The conference also approved regionalization, potentially allowing LGBTQ clergy and same-sex marriage in the U.S. but not globally.

Researchers developed an algorithm to find asteroids in old sky images, uncovering 100 overlooked asteroids. Recently, they identified 27,500 new solar system bodies, surpassing last year's global telescope discoveries. Ed Lu from the B612 Foundation called this a significant shift in astronomical research methods. The team's work aims to detect killer asteroids before they pose a threat.

Donald Trump stated that NATO members must pay their fair share or face Russian aggression alone. He emphasized that the US shouldn't overpay and expects Europe to contribute equally. NATO is planning a $100 billion military aid package to support Ukraine, aiming to be "Trump-proof." Despite Joe Biden sending over $100 billion to Ukraine, he faced challenges securing an additional $60 billion in military support.

Paramount Global faces a $26bn all-cash takeover bid from Apollo Global and Sony. Redstone aims to sell only her voting shares to Skydance Media, angering shareholders. Skydance plans to spend $2bn to buy out non-voting shares, offering a cash dividend and ownership in the merged company. Skydance forecasts $2bn revenue in 2025, while Paramount expects $30bn in 2024. The deal's success hinges on streaming profitability and viewer retention.

OpenAI introduces Memory feature for ChatGPT, enhancing responses by remembering details and learning from conversations. Users can manage memories, control what is remembered, and provide custom instructions. Memory improves efficiency by eliminating repetition. Privacy and safety measures are in place. Memory benefits enterprise users by saving time and providing relevant responses. GPTs will also have memory, tailored to specific tasks. Memory for GPTs will be available soon.

A new study shows a healthy lifestyle can reduce early death risk by 62% for those with genetic predisposition. Data from 350,000 individuals revealed a 78% higher chance of early death with an unhealthy lifestyle. Individuals with genetic risk could extend lifespan by up to 5.5 years through healthy habits. Optimal lifestyle factors include no smoking, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and a healthy diet. Phone helplines and support groups are available for making lifestyle changes.

BHP, a major mining company, is making a bold move with a $60 billion takeover bid for Anglo American, focusing on copper mines in South America. This strategic shift aligns with a global push towards cleaner energy sources. BHP's history includes successful transformations and costly failures, like the 1996 Magma Copper deal. The company is pivoting away from fossil fuels towards renewables and electric vehicles.

Researchers at DTU and Lund University have discovered enzymes that can remove A and B antigens from red blood cells, paving the way for universal donor blood. The enzymes, derived from the human gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila, were found to be highly efficient. This breakthrough could simplify blood transfusion logistics, reduce costs, and increase blood supply. The study was published in Nature Microbiology.

Premier League clubs, except Chelsea, voted in favor of a spending cap proposal. The plan aims to link spending on transfers, wages, and agents' fees to the league's bottom club's broadcast revenue. The new rules will replace Profitability and Sustainability Rules from 2025-26, limiting club expenditure to 85% of total revenue. The proposal requires 14 clubs' approval at the June AGM for implementation.

The S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite had their best weeks since November, rising 2.7% and 4.2%, respectively. Paramount Global's board is considering removing CEO Bob Bakish. Meta, Snap, and Google beat earnings expectations with improved ad businesses after a challenging 2022. Tesla is making moves in China. This week will see major corporate earnings, labor data, and a Federal Reserve meeting.

Researchers used a magneto-optical trap with 300 million strontium atoms to improve atomic clocks. Lead researcher Eliot Bohr, great-grandson of Niels Bohr, developed a method using superradiance to eliminate the need for lasers in atomic clocks, increasing precision. This breakthrough could enhance GPS systems, space travel, earthquake detection, and volcanic eruption prediction. The study was published in Nature Communications. Bohr continues his research at JILA.

China plans Chang’e-7 and 8 missions in 2026 and 2028 to explore the moon's south pole for water and collaborate with Russia. NASA is concerned about China's intentions. Chang’e-6 will carry payloads from various countries. NASA's Artemis program aims to land US astronauts near the south pole in 2026. The south pole is crucial for lunar exploration due to potential resources like polar ice. India's Chandrayaan-1 confirmed the presence of ice in polar craters.

Boeing is preparing for its first crewed spaceflight to the International Space Station, following SpaceX's lead. NASA astronauts will launch on Boeing's Starliner capsule from Florida on May 6, 2024. Starliner is set to dock with the ISS and undergo testing. Boeing faced setbacks, including software issues and a postponed test flight. If successful, Starliner could be certified for future missions starting in 2025.

A nationwide survey found H5N1 virus particles in 1 in 5 commercial milk samples, indicating widespread bird flu presence in dairy cattle. The FDA assures no human health risk. Pasteurization is believed to inactivate the virus. 33 dairy herds across 8 states are affected. Only one human case has been confirmed. The FDA continues testing for viable virus. CDC reports no additional human cases.

Virtual reality is revolutionizing mental-health treatments, aiding conditions like depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Over 20% of US adults have mental illnesses. VR enhances therapy effectiveness by monitoring physiological responses. FireflyVR's tech helps ease anxiety before ketamine therapy. VR cue exposure aids eating disorders, while embodiment reduces body-image issues. VR offers immersive scenarios for exposure therapy. Therapists find VR applications effective but acknowledge the need for more training and cost considerations.

A study by Columbia's Zuckerman Institute reveals the brain's significant role in regulating inflammation and immunity. Researchers identified a brain circuit that controls inflammatory responses, offering potential for new therapies for autoimmune diseases and conditions like long COVID and cytokine storms. Autoimmune diseases affect 1 in 10 individuals and cost the US economy $100 billion annually. The findings were published in Nature on May 1, 2024.

Dr. Rosemary Cater from UQ discovered that choline is transported into the brain by the protein FLVCR2, essential for brain function. The blood-brain barrier prevents toxins from entering the brain but poses challenges for drug delivery. Research findings could aid in designing drugs for neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and stroke. The study emphasizes the importance of consuming choline-rich foods. Published in Nature, funded by NIH.

36 athletes will compete in 12 sports as part of the IOC Refugee Olympic Team Paris 2024, representing over 100 million displaced people worldwide. The team comprises athletes from 11 countries hosted by 15 National Olympic Committees. IOC President Thomas Bach welcomed them, emphasizing their resilience and excellence. This marks the team's third Olympic appearance, with Masomah Ali Zada as chef-de-mission.

Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM developed a fluorescence-based sensor to measure oxygen content in breath accurately. The sensor, using fluorescence quenching, determines oxygen concentration in respiratory gas, aiding in monitoring blood oxygen levels for patients with respiratory issues. This noninvasive sensor surpasses pulse oximetry in accuracy and cost-effectiveness, providing painless and precise measurements down to individual breaths.

Google is promoting passkeys as a more secure and user-friendly alternative to traditional passwords. Over 400 million Google Accounts have used passkeys, with over a billion authentications. Passkeys rely on device-based authentication methods like fingerprints or face scans. They work across multiple devices and can be backed up. Google plans to support passkeys in its Advanced Protection Program for high-profile users.

John-Arne Røttingen, Wellcome Trust's CEO, warns of global tensions hindering disease combat efforts. He highlights challenges in brokering international deals due to geopolitical tensions and healthcare inequities. Wellcome commits £16bn to support science, focusing on infectious diseases, health and climate, and mental health. Røttingen emphasizes the need for collaboration with global health charities. Wellcome's investment in mental health responds to pandemic-induced issues. The Trust's portfolio was valued at £36.8bn in 2022-23.

Researchers have developed a sustainable process for producing and recycling polycarbonate plastic while capturing carbon dioxide. By using lignin waste and a metal-free catalyst, they created a closed-loop system that can be recycled without compromising quality. This innovative approach could lead to a circular plastics economy. The study, published in Advanced Functional Materials, aims to produce high-value chemicals and specialized polymers.

Rising greenhouse gases are altering global weather patterns, leading to more extreme weather events. Research shows increased emissions have shifted atmospheric circulation patterns, causing weather systems to stall over regions like California. This results in drastic shifts from drought to excessive rain. The study, published in Nature Climate and Atmospheric Science, highlights the urgent need to address the climate crisis as these extreme weather events are expected to worsen.

The US military is completing a $320mn floating pier off Gaza to aid the humanitarian crisis. The project aims to transport aid from Cyprus to Gaza, bypassing Israeli hurdles. Gaza faces a man-made famine, with UN estimating a need for 1,000 trucks of aid daily. The pier can handle 150 trucks, while Gaza received 500 trucks daily before the war. Efforts to streamline aid delivery continue.

Donald Trump, amidst a criminal trial, refused to commit to accepting the 2024 election results. He campaigned in Wisconsin and Michigan, hinting at mass deportations and crackdowns if re-elected. Trump's extreme rhetoric poses a threat to American democracy. Polls show him with a strong chance of winning. His plans for a second term include quasi-autocratic leadership and retribution against opponents. The 2024 election stakes are high.

Microsoft is investing $2.2 billion in Malaysia's cloud and AI infrastructure, including a national AI center. CEO Satya Nadella also announced a $1.7 billion investment in Indonesia and a regional data center in Thailand. Microsoft plans to provide AI training for 2.5 million people in Southeast Asia by 2025. The company aims to boost AI development in the region, with AI potentially contributing $1 trillion to Southeast Asia's GDP by 2030.

Zahra Joya, a refugee from Afghanistan living in London, founded Rukhshana Media to report on women's rights under Taliban rule. Her team documents the dire situation facing Afghan women, including bans on education and public executions. Joya's family faces threats in Pakistan, and her parents' visa application to join her in the UK was denied. Rukhshana struggles to secure long-term funding to continue its vital work.

Bladder cancer is the 4th most common tumor in men, with over a third recurring within 5 years. Researchers in Barcelona developed nanobots that reduced bladder tumors by 90% in mice. The nanobots are propelled by urine and deliver radioactive iodine to zap tumors. This innovative treatment could reduce hospital visits and costs. The study was published in Nature Nanotechnology, showing promising results for future cancer treatments.

Google's 2023 report reveals over 2 million blocked apps on the Play Store, with 300,000 accounts suspended for pushing out malicious content. Google is enhancing security measures to combat malware, including stricter developer registration, real-time scanning improvements, and firmware changes. Additionally, 200,000 apps seeking unnecessary permissions were addressed. Users are advised to download from trusted sources to avoid fraudulent apps.

3M's internal documents revealed PFOS contamination in the general population, with 98% of Australians affected. A $US12.5 billion settlement was reached over water pollution. The chemical PFOS, linked to health issues, was widely used in products. 3M allegedly hid risks, including carcinogenic potential, from authorities. Australian government warnings about PFOS contamination were ignored. Concerns about firefighting foam disposal and contamination were raised in the 1980s.

A survey of over 4,000 people revealed online predators targeting parents who share children's photos on social media, with some offering payment for sexual images. More than 100 respondents reported requests for child sexual exploitation content. The Australian Institute of Criminology found risks were higher for publicly shared photos. Attorney-General Mark Dreyfus warned against public sharing and urged online platforms to inform users of risks.

In 2024, the Department of Health and Human Services announced plans to reschedule marijuana at 4:20 p.m. President Biden and Vice President Harris tweeted support for reducing criminal penalties for pot users on April 20. The term "4:20" originated in Marin County, California, as code for smoking marijuana. Biden, an 81-year-old teetotaler, embraced the slang.

In Arizona, a 1864 abortion ban, recently upheld by the State Supreme Court, has sparked a push for an abortion-rights ballot measure. The ban, to be replaced by a 2022 law allowing abortion up to 15 weeks with no exceptions, faces opposition from anti-abortion activists and political rifts among Republicans. Efforts to repeal the ban are underway, with bipartisan support.

A global gender health gap analysis reveals women live longer but experience more years in poor health. Women are disproportionately affected by non-fatal conditions like musculoskeletal and mental health issues, while men face higher rates of fatal conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and Covid-19. Urgent action is needed to address these disparities. The study calls for greater attention to non-fatal consequences affecting women's health.

The World Health Organization's report acknowledges airborne transmission of respiratory infections like COVID-19, influenza, and measles. It emphasizes the need for improved indoor ventilation and quality face masks. The CDC's response is pending, with concerns raised about outdated guidance. The shift challenges traditional beliefs on transmission routes and infection control measures. The complexity of airborne virus spread indoors poses challenges for policymakers.

Using advanced neuroimaging techniques, researchers identified the "default ascending arousal network" in the human brain, crucial for consciousness. The study mapped connections among the brainstem, thalamus, and cortex, aiding in sustaining wakefulness. Clinical trials are underway to stimulate specific brain areas for coma patients. The research aims to revolutionize treatments for consciousness-related disorders. The study was published in Science Translational Medicine by researchers from Mass General and Boston Children’s Hospital.

Duke University's Amanda Randles won the ACM Prize in Computing for her algorithm work. She creates virtual simulations using patient wearable data to personalize medicine. Randles envisions a future where smart devices feed data into a virtual human model for personalized health monitoring. Her simulations focus on blood flow and cell movement, aiding disease understanding. Randles aims to revolutionize healthcare with proactive monitoring using smartwatch data.

3D LED screens revolutionize filmmaking, replacing green screens for real-time digital backgrounds. Hollywood embraced the technology in productions like The Mandalorian. Melbourne's VCA offers cutting-edge LED screens, inspiring film students like Alekh Chapman. The technology upskills filmmakers, expanding industry opportunities. Kelly Williams finds the dynamic backgrounds mind-blowing and essential for her ideas. VCA integrates virtual production into its curriculum for future graduates.

Climate models are complex, with some exceeding a million lines of code. A new algorithm promises to make simulations ten times faster, reducing spin-up time from months to a week. Developed by a scientist, the algorithm improves accuracy and allows for higher spatial resolution in climate projections. Based on sequence acceleration, it optimizes iterative processes. The UK Met Office and other centers are testing the algorithm.

The FAFSA application overhaul has caused delays and errors, affecting students like Ashnaelle Bijoux, who faces obstacles in applying for financial aid. Nationwide, FAFSA submissions are down 29%, with concerns of decreased college enrollments. The Education Department's blunders have led to bipartisan criticism and investigations. Colleges fear closures due to enrollment decreases. Students like Camryn Carter are uncertain about college affordability amidst the chaos.

Cornell researchers developed a framework to predict crop yield using satellite data measuring chlorophyll fluorescence. For every 1°C of warming, farm income decreased by 66%. This method can help developing countries facing food insecurity and climate risks. The tool is cost-effective, fast, and could aid in policy decisions, crop insurance, poverty forecasting, and real-time farming adjustments. The approach considers changing environmental conditions due to climate change.