AI predicts cancer treatment options from tissue samples

A new artificial intelligence (AI) tool called NicheCompass can analyze millions of cells from patient samples. It helps predict changes in tissue and identify where personalized cancer treatments may work best. Developed by researchers from various institutes, NicheCompass combines spatial genomic data and understands cell communications. This AI method is the first of its kind to map out how different cells in the body interact. It was introduced in a study published in Nature Genetics on March 18, 2025. The tool can analyze breast and lung cancer tissue quickly, taking just one hour to identify how different patients might respond to treatments. Understanding these cellular interactions could lead to more effective and targeted cancer therapies. NicheCompass builds on existing technologies that have defined numerous cell types and their locations in the body. By examining cell-to-cell communication, it organizes similar cells and helps clarify how they work together in their specific environments. In initial tests, researchers found that NicheCompass revealed both similarities and differences among lung cancer patients. These insights can lead to new treatment options tailored to individual patients. The tool has also been tested on breast cancer and even on mouse brains, showcasing its versatility. This innovation allows healthcare professionals to receive detailed analyses of patient conditions within an hour. By interpreting complex data more effectively, NicheCompass aims to improve treatment strategies and outcomes for cancer patients. Experts involved in the research emphasize NicheCompass's potential to uncover new ways to use the immune system against cancer. This could open paths for personalized therapies that directly target cancer mechanisms. The broad goal is to enhance understanding and treatment of various diseases through powerful AI technology.