Babesiosis can be deadly, especially for vulnerable populations

Babesiosis is a rare parasitic disease that can be serious. It attacks red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. The illness is spread by ticks and can affect people in many parts of the world, including the United States and Europe. In the U.S., fewer than 3,000 cases are reported each year, mostly from May to September. Areas like Minnesota, Wisconsin, Connecticut, and New York see the most cases, especially in warmer months when people are outside more often. The disease is caused by tiny parasites from the Babesia genus. These parasites usually infect cattle and spread through ticks that take blood from animals. In humans, the main parasite is Babesia microti, which is carried by blacklegged ticks, also known as deer ticks, found in wooded areas. Most people who encounter Babesia parasites do not get sick. However, those with weak immune systems, people over 50, and individuals who have had their spleen removed are at higher risk. Symptoms can include fever, chills, muscle pain, and swelling of the liver and spleen. Serious cases can lead to multiorgan failure and even death. The CDC estimated a death rate of around 0.57% for infected patients, but it can rise to 20% for those at high risk. For those who show symptoms, treatment typically involves antiparasitic drugs and antibiotics. In severe cases, patients might need blood transfusions. The best way to prevent babesiosis is to avoid areas where ticks live and take precautions against tick bites.