Bhubaneswar's groundwater levels are significantly declining

Bhubaneswar: Groundwater levels in Odisha have dropped by an average of 0.53 meters over the past five years. This decline is concerning as the demand for groundwater is increasing, according to Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi. In 2024, the state extracted 7.74 billion cubic meters (BCM) of groundwater, compared to 6.86 BCM in 2020. For irrigation, the extraction rose from 5.5 BCM in 2020 to 6.28 BCM in 2024. This shows a growing reliance on groundwater for agricultural needs. Certain districts are experiencing significant drops in groundwater. Malkangiri, Rayagada, and Gajapati have seen some of the steepest declines. While groundwater levels have improved in 15 districts, the other half are not as fortunate. The Chief Minister linked the falling groundwater levels to urbanization and climate change. To address these issues, the government is considering rules to enforce the Odisha Ground Water (Regulation, Development and Management) Act of 2011. The act has not yet been implemented due to pending rules. Once established, the Odisha Ground Water Authority (OGWA) will oversee groundwater monitoring and regulation. This authority will conduct regular assessments of groundwater levels and identify areas facing difficulties. In areas of concern, residents will need permission from the OGWA to dig wells, excluding certain domestic and agricultural uses. The authority will also regulate the use of groundwater for industrial and commercial purposes once it is formed.