Cells reorganize DNA structure to repair UV damage

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause damage to DNA, which may lead to skin cancer. However, cells have ways to repair this damage. A new study published in Nature Communications explains how cells prioritize repairing DNA after UV exposure. DNA needs to be organized correctly in cells. It must fit into the nucleus and be ready to carry out important functions. UV radiation can create small breaks in the DNA, which disrupts these functions. The study shows that DNA adjusts its structure to help find and fix these breaks quickly. Ogün Adebali, the study's lead author, emphasized that DNA is not just a fixed blueprint; it is dynamic and responsive. The research revealed that DNA interacts differently after it is damaged by UV rays. The areas of the genome that are most active are also prioritized for repair. Furthermore, the researchers found that UV exposure increases the activity of genes that help defend the cell. For instance, genes that control inflammation became more active. This response helps ensure the cell survives after being stressed by UV radiation. Veysel Oğulcan Kaya, the first author of the study, noted the speed of the DNA damage response. Changes were observed within twelve minutes of UV exposure, and signs of recovery appeared within thirty minutes. The researchers believe this work could lead to improved treatments for skin cancer by enhancing our understanding of DNA repair. They aim to develop methods that boost the body's natural repair processes. Adebali mentioned that this study is just the start of exploring how cells defend themselves against various stresses, not only UV radiation.