Colorectal cancer awareness essential for early detection in India

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant health issue in India, ranking as the fourth-most common cancer among both men and women. Although its rates are lower than in Western countries, CRC is a leading cause of cancer deaths in India. This highlights the urgent need for increased awareness about the disease. Around the world, the number of large intestine cancers is rising, including in India. If detected early, CRC can often be treated effectively. However, many patients in India seek medical attention too late, usually when the cancer has reached an advanced stage. At this point, only palliative care can be offered. Understanding the need for awareness involves knowing three key time intervals in healthcare: the disease interval, diagnosis interval, and treatment interval. The disease interval is the time from when the disease starts until symptoms appear. After symptoms arise, the diagnosis interval begins and lasts until a doctor confirms the illness. Finally, the treatment interval covers the time until treatment starts. Shortening these intervals can lead to better outcomes for patients. Several examples illustrate the importance of early detection. In one case, an elderly man who mistakenly treated his symptoms of weakness with iron supplements was later diagnosed with colon cancer after seeking help. In another situation, a woman avoided visiting a hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic and ultimately discovered her obstructive cancer too late. Both cases show that delays in recognizing symptoms can lead to worse health outcomes. Screening for CRC is crucial. A colonoscopy can identify and remove precancerous polyps, preventing them from turning into cancer. It also helps detect CRC at an early stage, where treatment is more effective. The importance of awareness campaigns should encourage higher participation in screenings, especially for people aged 45 and older. Risk factors for developing CRC include age, family history, personal medical history, and lifestyle choices like diet and exercise. Symptoms can vary but often include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, fatigue, and weight loss. Healthcare experts stress the importance of consulting a doctor if any concerning symptoms arise. Early diagnosis through screening is essential for improving outcomes, and ongoing research into new treatments offers hope for better management and prevention of CRC.