Current antivirals ineffective against severe H5N1 infections

Scientists are focusing on the H5N1 avian influenza outbreak and its dangers to human health. They recently discovered that current antiviral drugs are not successful in treating severe infections caused by this virus. Research conducted at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital shows that two approved flu treatments did not work well against H5N1 infections in a preclinical model. The study found that how the virus enters the body affects treatment effectiveness. Infections from raw dairy products, particularly through contaminated milk, are concerning as more than 60 people have been infected in the current outbreak. The virus can spread through the eyes, nose, or mouth, which are common exposure routes. The antiviral baloxavir, known as Xofluza, showed some effectiveness, especially against infections through the eye. It resulted in better survival rates compared to oseltamivir, or Tamiflu, which was less effective overall. However, neither drug consistently prevented the virus from causing severe illness. The researchers noted that infections caused through the mouth, such as by drinking raw milk, resulted in the worst outcomes. The virus was able to reach critical areas like the brain and bloodstream, and the antivirals failed to combat this spread effectively. Researchers emphasize that reducing infection risk by avoiding raw milk and limiting dairy exposure is currently the best method to protect against the virus.