Decentralised energy projects in KP aim to improve lives

In Pakistan, about 12 million people still lack access to electricity. Many remote areas, especially in northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), face significant challenges due to a fragile national grid and high energy costs. Over half of the population in KP lives in poverty, and for those in newly merged districts, this number rises to 72%. For these communities, access to energy is crucial for survival, not just convenience. Decentralized energy solutions, especially small hydropower projects, offer promise. KP has the potential to generate up to 64,000 megawatts (MW) of electricity from hydropower, enough to power millions sustainably. The provincial government has built over a thousand micro-hydropower (MHP) units in the last decade, aiming to bring electricity to remote areas. This initiative is supported by local organizations like the Sarhad Rural Support Programme (SRSP) and the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP). However, challenges remain. Reports show that over 150 MHP units are not operational. The success of these projects depends not just on technology, but also on the communities involved. Strong community participation and effective governance are crucial. Successful MHP projects have led to improved socio-economic conditions, such as better education and reduced reliance on costly energy sources. Despite these successes, many MHPs struggle with maintenance issues and poor governance. Lack of record-keeping makes it hard to assess their performance. Additionally, climate change poses risks, with changing weather patterns affecting water flow for hydropower. Governance in these decentralized projects can be complicated, leading to inefficiencies. Community members report mismanagement of funds and lack of transparency. Political instability and internal conflicts further complicate project success. Nonetheless, there are emerging models that focus on social enterprise and community involvement to strengthen local governance. Women have benefitted from increased electricity access, which has improved health and education opportunities. However, gender disparities remain. Women still often lack a say in energy project management and decision-making processes. Issues like outdated cooking methods and limited empowerment opportunities persist. The report suggests that to build a resilient and inclusive energy future, it is vital to actively empower women. Project leaders should involve women at all levels, from planning to governance. Doing so can ensure that energy access truly acts as a tool for empowerment. Overall, while decentralized energy systems present opportunities for sustainable development in northern Pakistan, careful attention to governance and community needs is crucial. The experiences from MHP projects highlight the importance of integrating social considerations with technological solutions.