Early speech changes may signal Alzheimer's disease onset

Changes in speech and language can signal early signs of Alzheimer’s disease. Recognizing these changes can help in getting the right care sooner. Currently, more than a million people in the UK have Alzheimer’s, and this number is expected to grow rapidly. Alzheimer's affects memory and thinking skills as it progresses. Detecting it early is crucial for patients and caregivers. Language issues often arise first, making it important to watch for specific speech changes. Here are five signs to consider: First, individuals may experience pauses and hesitations in their speech. They might struggle to find the right words, which can lead to vague descriptions. For example, instead of saying “dog,” they might describe the animal’s sounds and behaviors. Second, people may use incorrect words when speaking. They could replace a specific word with a related one. In early stages, they might say “animal” instead of “cat” without realizing it. Third, some may focus on discussing tasks instead of completing them. They might express doubt or share past experiences without addressing what needs to be done. Fourth, a noticeable decrease in vocabulary could appear. People may use simpler language and repeat the same words often, relying on basic connectors like "and" or "but." Lastly, difficulty finding the right words can be a sign, especially with categories like foods or body parts. This challenge can grow as Alzheimer’s advances. Age is the primary risk factor for Alzheimer’s, doubling every five years after 65. However, some younger individuals can develop early-onset Alzheimer’s as well. While occasional forgetfulness is normal, consistent speech difficulties can indicate a problem, especially for those at higher risk. Early identification is key to proper treatment and support.