Emphysema symptoms include shortness of breath and persistent cough

Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that makes breathing difficult. It is part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which affects millions globally. Symptoms include shortness of breath, a persistent cough, wheezing, and coughing up phlegm. COPD affects 1.7 million people in the UK, with many undiagnosed. Public awareness is low, as 44% of survey respondents had not heard of COPD before their diagnosis. Misconceptions exist about breathlessness being a normal part of aging. Treatment options include inhaled medications, pulmonary rehabilitation, and in severe cases, oxygen therapy or lung transplants. Smoking is the main risk factor, but exposure to dust, fumes, and air pollution also contributes. Regular vaccinations can help prevent complications.