Five new Piloderma fungus species discovered in Europe

Scientists have discovered five new species of a commonly known fungus called Piloderma. This finding shows that there is much more diversity in this group than previously recognized. One of the new species is widely found in Northern Europe, while another is rare and only grows in old-growth forests. The research highlights the importance of Piloderma fungi in forest ecosystems. They live in a mutual relationship with trees, helping them absorb water and nutrients while receiving sugar in return. Unfortunately, some of these fungi may be at risk because old-growth forests are being cut down. Among the new species is Piloderma fugax, which means "shy" in Latin. This species was discovered in Sweden and Norway. It is small and hard to find, and it specifically thrives in old-growth forests. Researchers warn that these habitats are disappearing, putting rare species like P. fugax at risk. The study involved collecting samples from Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Lithuania. Researchers compared these samples to known species using DNA analysis to confirm that the new species are indeed distinct. Another notable species found is Piloderma luminosum, which is easily recognized by its bright yellow to orange appearance. This species was separated from a similar one called Piloderma byssinum. Both species commonly grow together in forest soil, and the researchers hope to learn more about their differences and ecological roles.