Flavonoids may improve management of type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing health issue worldwide. It occurs when the body cannot use insulin properly. This causes high blood sugar levels. New research suggests that flavonoids, natural compounds found in plants, might help manage T2DM. Flavonoids are split into different types, such as flavonols and anthocyanins. They're found in foods like fruits, vegetables, and teas. When we eat flavonoids, our body processes them, but their effectiveness can depend on how they are absorbed. Some flavonoids, like quercetin and anthocyanins, have shown positive effects on metabolism. These compounds can help improve how our bodies respond to insulin. They do this by activating important processes that increase glucose uptake in cells. They also support insulin secretion from the pancreas and protect pancreatic cells from damage. Flavonoids may support glucose metabolism by inhibiting the production of glucose in the liver. Certain flavonoids can lower the output of glucose by affecting specific enzymes. They also help bodily tissues take up more glucose efficiently. The gut microbiota, which is made up of good and bad bacteria in our intestines, plays a key role in diabetes. Flavonoids can improve the balance of this microbiota. They encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria and promote the production of metabolites that enhance insulin sensitivity. Additionally, flavonoids interact with the enteroendocrine system, which controls hormones that regulate blood sugar. They can boost the secretion of hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), helping to manage blood sugar levels. Flavonoids can also influence gut hormones that control hunger, such as peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK). This can aid in weight control and improve metabolic health. Although flavonoids appear promising for T2DM treatment, more research is needed. Future studies should look into their proper dosing and long-term effects. New forms of flavonoid supplements could improve their absorption and effectiveness. With more understanding, flavonoids could become a valuable part of diabetes management.