Hypertension damages kidneys and causes serious health complications

Hypertension can damage the kidneys by thickening and narrowing blood vessels, which reduces blood flow. This leads to salt and water retention, further increasing blood pressure and creating a cycle that can result in serious complications. Kidney disease can also cause hypertension, known as secondary hypertension. This occurs due to damaged kidney tissue or narrowed kidney arteries. If untreated, it can lead to chronic kidney disease or require dialysis. Managing hypertension involves lifestyle changes, such as following a DASH diet, reducing sodium intake, and increasing physical activity. Risk factors for kidney disease include smoking, diabetes, and obesity. Symptoms of target organ damage may include headaches and chest pain.