India tests K-4 ballistic missile from nuclear submarine enhancing deterrence capabilities

India has successfully tested the K-4 ballistic missile from its new nuclear-powered submarine, INS Arighaat. This missile has a range of 3,500 km, enhancing India's nuclear deterrence capabilities against potential threats, particularly from China. Previously, India's sea-based nuclear capabilities were limited to the K-15 missile, which has a range of only 750 km. The K-4 test marks a significant upgrade, providing a more credible second-strike option within India's nuclear triad. The K-4 missile strengthens India's position in the strategic balance with China, which has a more advanced naval force. Future developments include additional submarines and longer-range missiles, further enhancing India's nuclear deterrent.