India's first serpentarium opens to aid snakebite treatment

Gerard “Gerry” Martin is a herpetologist and conservationist based in Hunsur, India. He has founded the country's first serpentarium, a facility aimed at snake research, management, and conservation. Martin recalls his first experience with snakes at a young age and is passionate about educating people about them. The serpentarium is home to seven species of snakes, including king cobras and various vipers. Martin emphasizes the importance of creating natural habitats for these snakes to thrive. He believes that better snakebite management and improved antivenom are crucial for reducing snakebite incidents in India, which has the highest number of snakebite deaths globally. Currently, India's standard treatment for snakebites involves a polyvalent antivenom effective against four major snake species. However, Martin points out that the effectiveness varies geographically, suggesting that regional antivenoms may be needed. He hopes that in the next 15 to 20 years, they can develop new therapies that could eliminate the need for antivenom. In Karnataka, the first state to declare snakebite a notifiable disease, better data collection is underway. This initiative is expected to improve snakebite treatment efforts. Martin notes that many factors contribute to high snakebite rates in India, such as agricultural practices and habitat interaction. He expresses concern about the general fear of snakes and the unintended consequences of their removal. Martin believes a better understanding of snakes is essential for conservation. He warns against assuming that not killing a snake equates to conservation. He also highlights the importance of involving local communities in conservation decisions. Affordability and access to antivenom remain significant barriers in India. Although the government has capped prices, producers are reluctant to lower their profits. Martin believes that the government should take a more active role in making antivenom affordable, especially since it affects poorer populations.