Magdrive develops satellite propulsion using solid metal fuel

Magdrive, a British startup, has created a new propulsion system for satellites that uses solid metal as fuel. This technology aims to improve maneuverability in orbit and help reduce the amount of space debris. Since the beginning of the space age, over 20,000 satellites have been launched, with many becoming inactive and contributing to the growing problem of space junk. Currently, more than 13,000 satellites remain in orbit, with around 20% no longer functioning. Collisions between these defunct satellites have resulted in millions of pieces of debris, raising the risks for both active satellites and the International Space Station. Magdrive’s propulsion system is designed to be 10 times more maneuverable and requires 10 times less mass for propulsion compared to traditional systems. The company is developing three versions of its thrusters, with the first, named Warlock, scheduled to launch in June 2025. Unlike conventional propulsion systems that use chemical gases, Magdrive’s system uses solid metal, which could potentially be sourced from existing space debris in the future. Mark Stokes, co-founder of Magdrive, emphasizes that their system offers a balance between high thrust and efficiency. They use solar panels to power the thrusters, and the solid metal is converted into plasma to provide thrust. This design reduces risks associated with pressurized gas tanks, making it safer and easier for satellite manufacturers. While the current system is not refuelable, Stokes envisions a future where satellites could use space junk for fuel. However, several technical and legal challenges must be addressed. Regulations state that ownership of objects in space remains unchanged, so permission would be needed to recycle decommissioned satellites. Additionally, retrieving and processing space debris is complex and still in development. Experts recognize the advantages of solid metal fuel, such as simplified storage and handling. However, they also highlight potential issues like surface contamination and the need for precise thrust control. Despite these challenges, Magdrive’s innovation could play a significant role in the future of space travel and satellite technology.