Mental health issues complicate perceptions of violent offenders

Recent cases involving killers with severe mental health issues have sparked strong debates about their role in society. Two notable cases are Valdo Calocane, who killed three people in Nottingham in 2023, and Axel Rudakubana, who murdered three young girls in Southport in 2024. An investigation found that, on average, 65 individuals with mental illnesses commit murder each year in England. Both Calocane and Rudakubana were described using harsh terms like “evil” and “sadistic” by the public and media. This has led to renewed calls for severe punishments, including reinstating the death penalty. In January 2025, Rudakubana was given a 52-year prison sentence. Many believe that people like him and Calocane are incapable of living among others due to their actions. It is important to understand that both killers had severe mental health issues, like schizophrenia, and had previously engaged with health services. However, they stopped treatment before committing their crimes. The common belief is that mental illness does not excuse criminal behavior. This viewpoint can be overly simplistic and damaging, according to mental health experts. Support from a reliable mental health system is crucial for those at risk of harming themselves or others. The failures in treatment contributed to the tragic outcomes of these cases. Critics argue that the mental health system often disengages from patients, leading to devastating consequences for both the individuals and victims. Research shows that those experiencing severe psychosis do not choose to act violently. Unfortunately, public and political perceptions often overlook this understanding. The challenge for researchers is to communicate findings in a way that resonates with the general public and informs policy decisions. Efforts to raise awareness about mental health have included collaboration with organizations like Aardman Animations. Such initiatives reach broader audiences and aim to change societal attitudes. Engaging the entire community in conversations about mental health is essential for reducing stigma and ensuring better support for those in need.