Migraines affect over 213 million people in India

Migraine is a common and serious headache disorder that can greatly affect a person's life. The World Health Organization identifies it as one of the top three neurological disorders, along with stroke and dementia. Migraines are particularly problematic in developing countries, such as India, where millions are affected but many remain undiagnosed. Migraine attacks are characterized by moderate to severe headaches. These can come with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. The attacks can last from 4 to 72 hours and often start in puberty, with a higher occurrence in women due to hormonal changes. While the exact cause is still unclear, triggers can include stress, certain foods, lack of sleep, and hormonal changes. Symptoms of a migraine typically progress through four stages: prodrome, aura, attack, and postdrome. In the prodrome stage, individuals may experience warning signs like mood changes or neck stiffness. The aura stage, which affects some but not all, includes visual disturbances. The attack stage features the headache itself, which is often one-sided and throbbing. After the attack, the postdrome stage can leave people feeling drained and confused. Many people in India and around the world suffer from migraines, with risk factors including being female, a family history of the condition, and lifestyle choices like irregular sleep and stress. Migraines not only affect personal well-being but can also lead to reduced work productivity and increased healthcare costs. Treatment options vary. While over-the-counter pain relievers can help, they may not address the root cause. Healthcare professionals may prescribe preventive medications or new treatments like CGRP inhibitors under medical supervision. Non-medical strategies such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, managing stress, and avoiding known triggers can also be helpful. Despite available treatments, many people do not receive proper care, particularly in low-income areas. Public health initiatives aim to raise awareness about migraines and improve access to treatment. If you experience frequent or severe headaches, it's important to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.