NASA images expose environmental effects of India's solar farms

Floating solar farms are gaining popularity as a clean energy source. These farms are installed on lakes and reservoirs, which offers an alternative to traditional land-based solar installations. This technology is particularly valuable in countries with limited land availability. Recently, NASA released images showing the floating solar power arrays on a reservoir of the Narmada River in central India. The images compare the area before and after the installation of solar panels. In January 2025, two projects were visible on the reservoir, with a total capacity of 216 megawatts. Floating solar farms have several advantages. They save land for other uses, such as agriculture and housing. They also provide shade for water, which helps reduce evaporation and prevent algal blooms. The cooler water beneath the panels can also make the solar panels work better. However, these floating farms have challenges. Their construction costs are higher, and they may be more vulnerable to natural events. Experts worry about potential effects on water quality and aquatic habitats. Some studies suggest that these farms might support marine life if designed to encourage the growth of artificial reefs. Still, materials used, like micro-plastics, could cause environmental harm. India is investing in various floating solar projects across the country. Examples include a 100-megawatt project in Ramagundam and a 92-megawatt project in Kayamkulam. These projects reflect the growing interest in innovative renewable energy solutions.