New nuclear technologies promise diverse solutions for sustainability

Rafael Mariano Grossi, the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), discussed the future of nuclear energy at a recent event in India. He explained that many countries are looking to nuclear power to enhance energy security amid rising global tensions and energy challenges. Grossi emphasized that nuclear power is making a comeback as nations seek reliable and sustainable energy sources. He described this trend as a "return to realism," with an increased focus on stable energy during a time of electrification and efforts to reduce carbon emissions. Countries like India, China, Japan, North America, and several in Europe are significantly expanding their nuclear power capabilities. The IAEA chief addressed concerns about the uranium supply and proliferation risks. He mentioned that the strict IAEA inspection processes help minimize these risks, assuring that there is no current shortage of uranium. Although geopolitical tensions and embargoes exist, he believes nuclear energy is one of the most closely monitored sectors. Small modular reactors (SMRs) were also highlighted by Grossi. These offer advantages like flexibility, safety, and affordability. They can serve various purposes, including providing power to remote areas and supporting industries like desalination and commercial shipping. Despite challenges in sharing nuclear technology, Grossi stressed the need for international cooperation and proper regulation. He concluded that as nations rethink their energy policies, nuclear power will be essential for balancing security, sustainability, and innovation in the future energy landscape.