New technology improves ice stupas in Ladakh

In Ladakh, a region facing severe water scarcity, new technology is improving the use of ice stupas, which serve as artificial glaciers. These structures help store water from melting ice, crucial for drinking and farming, especially as climate change affects natural water sources. The concept of ice stupas began with civil engineer Chewang Norphel in 1987. He created small dams on mountains to trap water during winter, which could be accessed in spring. This work led to the development of ice stupas, further refined by scientist Sonam Wangchuck in 2013. His designs allowed the stupas to last longer and provide water during essential planting months from April to June. Since 2018, over 80 ice stupas have been built, with 27 added last year alone. Farmers rely on them to grow crops like barley and fruits such as apricots. However, managing these structures is labor-intensive. Workers must monitor the ice and ensure pipes do not freeze in extreme temperatures. To reduce the workload, the Himalayan Institute of Alternatives, Ladakh (HIAL), is implementing an automated system in Phyang village. This system uses temperature and humidity sensors to control water flow and prevent pipe freezing. It operates on solar power and can save up to 95% of labor compared to manual management. The Phyang ice stupa, standing 60 feet tall and holding 3 million litres of water, has also attracted tourists. Local businesses are exploring winter tourism opportunities, helping residents find jobs year-round, especially during the off-peak season.