Noma is a severe disease affecting malnourished children

Noma is a serious, neglected tropical disease mostly seen in sub-Saharan Africa. It primarily affects young children, typically between ages 2 and 6, who suffer from malnutrition and live in poverty. This disease can also appear in adults with weakened immune systems due to conditions like HIV or leukemia. Noma has a long history, with references to it found as far back as classical and medieval times. Initially common in Europe and the U.S., the disease faded from these regions as living conditions improved. It was classified as an opportunistic infection in the early 20th century. The World Health Organization considers noma a sign of extreme poverty. It's linked to malnutrition, underlying infections, and poor oral hygiene. Children born with low birth weight are at even greater risk. The disease can develop rapidly, starting with inflammation of the gums and potentially leading to severe facial tissue damage if untreated. Noma is classified in five stages by the WHO, starting from simple gum inflammation and escalating to scarring and long-term physical consequences. Early detection and treatment are key, and options include improving dental care, using antibiotics, and providing nutritional supplements. Unfortunately, many children who develop severe noma have lasting deformities that can affect their quality of life. Estimating the number of noma cases is difficult due to its rapid progression and the lack of resources in affected areas. The WHO emphasizes the need for better food security, vaccinations, and healthcare to help prevent the disease. It highlights the importance of awareness and support for marginalized populations to combat noma effectively.