Pakistan faces severe water shortages, especially in Sindh

Pakistan's largest reservoir, Tarbela Dam, is nearly at its dead level, which could lead to severe water shortages. The water level is currently at 1,402.09 feet, just above the critical point of 1,402 feet. This situation could result in a water shortage of up to 41% at rim stations and 50-55% at canal heads. Another major reservoir, Mangla Dam, is also facing challenges. Its water level is at 1,054 feet, only four feet above its dead level of 1,050 feet. Currently, the inflow is 23,236 cusecs, while outflows are 20,351 cusecs. Authorities are urging the storage of 3,000 cusecs daily to avoid damage to power turbines from silt. Water availability is particularly alarming in Sindh, where the Provincial Disaster Management Authority has warned of drought in 13 districts, including major cities like Karachi. Water shortages in Sindh could exceed 50% by the end of March if current trends continue. The Indus River in Sindh is also drying up, raising further concerns about crops. The Indus River System Authority is closely monitoring the situation. If water levels do not improve by April 10, the upcoming Kharif crop season could also be adversely affected. The Pakistan Meteorological Department predicts that warmer temperatures in early April could increase water inflows, which may relieve some shortages. However, current total water reserves are critically low, at only 0.086 million acre-feet. Authorities continue to assess the situation as they navigate these water scarcity challenges.