Pakistan's cities struggle with significant water supply issues

Water supply and drainage issues are becoming serious problems in major cities across Pakistan. Islamabad is currently facing a significant water shortage, reporting a 47 percent deficit last month. Meanwhile, Lahore struggles with flooding during heavy rains, including a record-breaking downpour in 2024. Karachi often deals with storms that disrupt life and expose vulnerable populations to risks. To address these challenges, experts are calling for policy changes aimed at sustainable development. There has been a growing recognition of the importance of nature in urban planning, as neglecting it has resulted in economic losses and complicated social problems. One promising approach is nature-based solutions (NbS). These involve protecting and restoring natural ecosystems to benefit both people and the environment. Rainwater harvesting is one effective NbS that could help Islamabad cope with its water shortages. Experts suggest that the Capital Development Authority should require these systems in new homes to improve groundwater recharge and manage stormwater. Additionally, rainwater can support urban gardening and enhance local habitats. Pakistan can learn from China, which successfully implemented urban rainwater harvesting to tackle its own water issues. This initiative took time to develop, showing that consistency and long-term planning are essential for success. China has also introduced the idea of "sponge cities," focusing on integrated rainwater management. In India, mangrove restoration has also proven effective. In Kerala, programs have revived mangroves, protecting ecosystems and providing livelihoods for locals while also defending against climate-related disasters. The loss of mangrove forests along Karachi’s coast is concerning, as urban development continues to threaten them. NbS can offer diverse ecosystem-based interventions, but for them to be effectively integrated into policy, strong government support and stakeholder engagement are crucial. This requires a coordinated effort where decision-makers align their policies with these concepts. Financial considerations are pivotal in ensuring the success of NbS. While initial costs may seem high, the long-term benefits far outweigh them, making ongoing policy support essential. Ignoring these factors could render NbS ineffective, leaving communities vulnerable. Overall, NbS represents a significant opportunity for Pakistan to tackle its urban challenges. With appropriate policies, these nature-based interventions can enhance resilience to climate change and reduce disaster risks, ultimately improving the well-being of communities.