Papua New Guinea diet boosts gut health, weight loss

Recent research highlights that the traditional diet of Papua New Guinea may help improve gut health, support weight loss, and reduce chronic disease risks—all without needing to cut calories. This study, led by Dr. Jens Walter and his team at University College Cork, emphasizes the potential benefits of mimicking the eating habits of indigenous populations. Their findings reveal that people from rural Papua New Guinea eat mostly plant-based foods that are high in fiber but low in sugar and calories. This contrasts with typical Western diets, which are often filled with processed foods and low in fiber. The researchers developed the Non-Industrialized Microbiome Restore (NiMe) diet. This meal plan includes various fruits, vegetables, and legumes, with a limited intake of chicken, salmon, or pork. It notably excludes dairy, beef, and wheat, aligning with traditional diets of the region. In a test involving 30 healthy Canadians, participants followed the NiMe diet for three weeks. They consumed meals like millet porridge, quinoa salad, and salmon with vegetables. The diet provided around 45 grams of dietary fiber each day, far exceeding the 25 to 30 grams recommended for adults. Results showed positive health changes after just three weeks. Participants experienced a 17% drop in "bad" cholesterol, nearly a 7% decrease in blood sugar levels, and a 14% reduction in C-reactive protein, which is linked to inflammation and heart disease. Despite not reducing calorie intake, participants also achieved some modest weight loss. The research suggests that these dietary changes could lower risks of heart disease and diabetes, which are significant health issues in developed nations. It may also help decrease the chances of developing certain cancers. The study's authors plan further research to see if this diet could assist those already suffering from chronic illnesses. They also hope the findings will influence future dietary guidelines and the development of new food products. For those interested in trying the NiMe diet, the researchers are sharing recipes online, including a free cookbook with easy-to-make meals.