Rising Oropouche virus infections threaten pregnant individuals' health

Public health officials are concerned about a rising number of infections from the Oropouche virus. This tropical virus is linked to serious birth defects in babies, similar to what has been seen with the Zika virus. In 2024, the number of reported cases more than doubled, with 16,000 cases worldwide, including severe cases in Brazil. The Oropouche virus can cause symptoms like fever and chills and is primarily spread by insect bites. Pregnant women are especially at risk, as infections can lead to miscarriage or babies being born with microcephaly, which is having a smaller-than-normal head. Currently, there are no treatments or vaccines available for this virus. Experts say the number of infections has been increasing this year, particularly in areas where the virus was previously not reported. Doctors warn travelers, especially pregnant individuals, to take precautions to avoid insect bites. There are reports of new outbreaks in countries like Bolivia and Cuba. Symptoms of Oropouche can mimic other diseases, making it difficult to diagnose. The virus is often spread by biting midges and some mosquitoes, and can also infect non-human primates. High-risk areas include regions where other diseases like malaria and dengue are present. Climate change and environmental destruction are partly responsible for the rising cases, as these factors have expanded the range of mosquitoes. Recent cuts to health surveillance funding may hinder efforts to track and respond to emerging infections like Oropouche. Currently, there have been no reports of local transmission in the U.S. or Canada, but travelers to affected areas should be cautious. There is ongoing research into whether the virus can be transmitted through sexual contact, as a recent case showed a connection to semen. As the investigation continues, pregnant individuals are urged to consult health professionals before traveling.