Sindh farmers protest Cholistan canal project threatening water rights

Farmers and activists in Sindh are protesting against the Green Pakistan Initiative, a project designed to build canals that would divert water from the Indus River to irrigate areas in Punjab. Leaders of the protests, such as Saqlain Sindhi from the Jeay Sindh Students Federation, argue that this plan threatens their cultural identity and agricultural livelihood. The protests intensified after the project's inauguration on February 15 by Punjab's Chief Minister and the Army Chief. Thousands of demonstrators protested peacefully on March 4, but tensions escalated when security forces used tear gas and batons to disperse the crowds. The Green Pakistan Initiative aims to create a network of six new canals. It plans to irrigate 1.2 million acres in southern Punjab at a cost of approximately Rs211.34 billion. However, many in Sindh fear this will lead to a reduction in their water supply, which is critical for their farming systems that support millions of acres of agriculture. The Sukkur Barrage, a key part of Sindh's irrigation network, is especially at risk. Local officials have raised concerns that diverting water will disrupt their irrigation system and contribute to worsening water shortages. The proposal relies heavily on water from the Sutlej River, which has been nearly dry, raising doubts about domestic water availability. Opponents of the project, including environmental experts, warn that further water diversions could exacerbate a looming crisis, impacting health and agriculture. They express that the initiative prioritizes corporate farming, which could lead to cultural erosion and displace local farmers. Amid increasing urban populations and dwindling resources, concerns about pollution and access to clean drinking water are growing. The rivers relied upon for everyday use may become unfit for consumption. The project has sparked serious political debate in Sindh, with many lawmakers demanding a halt to its activities. They call for discussions about inter-provincial water rights to prevent further water injustice. As the protests continue, the central question remains: who benefits from this initiative, and who pays the cost? Activists urge for a solution that considers both agricultural sustainability and the rights of local communities.