Single older women in India face severe discrimination challenges

Single older women in India face serious challenges due to discrimination, mistreatment, and abuse, often stemming from poverty. Their issues are frequently ignored in discussions about aging and policy-making, despite the fact that many are highly dependent on others for support. According to the UNFPA's India Ageing Report 2023, the country’s elderly population is expected to grow significantly by 2050. By that time, the number of people aged 80 and above will increase by 279%. Many in this group will likely be widowed women. Current demographics show there are more elderly women than men, highlighting the growing "feminisation of ageing." While women's roles have changed over the past century, they still carry most of the caregiving responsibilities. This burden increases for single older women, particularly when living with family, where they may feel pressured to contribute. Most women over 80 have lost their spouses, leading to increased loneliness and financial dependence, which heightens their vulnerability. Research indicates that older women in India often face severe poverty after becoming widows. They may lack access to basic necessities and are frequently targets for violence. Rapid urbanization and changing family structures have led to more older women living alone, struggling without social support. Current government programs aimed at supporting older people often fail to address the specific needs of single older women. While policies like the National Policy for Older Persons and various pension schemes exist, they often lack adequate reach and do not consider the complexities of individual circumstances. Key issues include insufficient monitoring, reliance on outdated demographic data, and a lack of targeted solutions for older women. Despite these challenges, health research for older women tends to focus mainly on reproductive health. This oversight neglects the unique health needs that arise after menopause. Addressing the intersection of gender, age, and other identities is essential for creating effective policies. As the number of single older women continues to rise, it is vital to recognize and address their struggles. Improving policies and support systems through an intersectional approach will help ensure that older women receive the necessary care and respect they deserve. The urgency to act is clear.