Spyware vendors evade sanctions through complex global networks

An investigation by the Atlantic Council's Digital Response Forensics Laboratory identified 435 entities across 42 countries involved in the spyware industry from 2019 to 2023. This includes 49 vendors, 36 subsidiaries, and 179 individuals. The complex and often opaque relationships among these entities, which frequently change names, complicate efforts to hold them accountable for security and human rights violations.