Targeting senescent cells may improve health outcomes

Senescent cells, often referred to as "zombie cells," are gaining attention in the scientific community for their potential role in aging and age-related diseases. These cells stop dividing normally but linger in the body, causing chronic inflammation that may contribute to various health issues. Research shows that senescent cells accumulate as people age, which may lead to a decline in the immune system. They are linked to diseases like cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and Alzheimer’s. Some scientists are exploring the impact of these cells on osteoarthritis and muscle function, which tend to worsen with age. For instance, researchers in Ireland are examining how senescent cells affect cartilage in joints. They also focus on muscle stem cells, which play a vital role in muscle repair and regeneration. As these stem cells age and become senescent, they contribute to muscle loss. To identify risks of frailty in older adults, scientists are developing diagnostic tools based on microRNAs associated with cellular senescence. These small genetic materials could be part of a blood test, helping to predict frailty after stressful events like surgery. Efforts to target senescent cells include exercise and intermittent fasting, which may help reduce their levels. Additionally, new drugs known as senolytics have shown promise in eliminating these cells. Some studies suggest that senolytic drugs may improve physical performance in patients with age-related disorders. Clinical trials for senolytics are ongoing in several countries, testing their effectiveness on younger patients with diseases linked to senescent cells. One trial in the Netherlands focuses on treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is believed to be driven by these cells. While enthusiasm for these treatments grows, experts caution against potential side effects. Senescent cells also have beneficial roles, such as aiding in wound healing. Researchers are exploring more targeted therapies that would remove only harmful senescent cells. Innovative approaches, including an "aging vaccine" using a specific protein and RNA techniques similar to mRNA vaccines, aim to train the immune system to remove damaging senescent cells. The hope is that these targeted treatments could minimize side effects and improve health outcomes in age-related conditions. Clinical trials may soon lead to new therapies targeting senescent cells, offering potential solutions to various age-related disorders. Experts emphasize the need for ongoing research to ensure safety and effectiveness in these promising treatments.