Women in Malawi turn to sand mining for income

In Malawi, many women are turning to sand mining to survive after severe droughts have hurt their crops. This work is physically demanding, and the pay is very low. Zainunda Wilson, a 37-year-old miner, describes how she starts her day early, shoveling sand by the shores of Lake Malawi. She acknowledges that her work contributes to erosion but feels she has no other choice to support her family. Sand mining is largely illegal in Malawi. However, many people continue to mine sand along rivers and lakes due to financial need. The area around Lake Malawi is threatened by environmental degradation from these activities, making local communities more vulnerable to climate change impacts, like floods and droughts. Historically, the sand mining industry was dominated by men, but more women and children are now involved as families seek income after droughts devastated agriculture. The current weather patterns, linked to climate change, are predicting more rainfall and potential floods in the future. The demand for sand is rising because it is a key ingredient in construction. However, local leaders note that this practice harms the environment and drives away tourism. Despite the tough conditions, miners like Wilson earn very little. Filling a large truck with sand might only bring in the equivalent of $17, making it hard to make a living. Malawi is one of the poorest countries globally. Many people struggle to find formal jobs, and rising prices have caused social unrest. Sand mining provides some immediate cash, but it also worsens land degradation and threatens future agricultural work, which many depend on for their livelihoods. Environmental experts warn that without action to protect natural resources, Malawi could face more severe disasters and food shortages in the future. Yet, mothers like Mercy Richard, who lost her crops to floods, feel they must continue mining sand to feed their families, despite knowing it may worsen flooding. They see no other options available.