Women's TB care highlights urgent gender disparities in India

Women face significant challenges in accessing tuberculosis (TB) care in India, especially during the pandemic. Akshata Acharya, a survivor of multi-drug resistant TB from Maharashtra, shared her experience, detailing how the mental and social impacts of the disease affected her life. She highlighted the discrimination she faced due to her appearance, which made it difficult to seek help. Acharya recalled other women who were abandoned by their families after being diagnosed, illustrating how isolating TB can be for women. Gender disparities in TB care can be severe. The Union Health Ministry’s India TB Report 2023 states that while more men are diagnosed with TB, women often experience under-diagnosis and financial barriers that limit their access to treatment. A recent study noted that although some gender-related norms are changing, the barriers women face remain significant. Poverty, stigma, and the role of women as caregivers can all hinder access to diagnosis and treatment. Experts emphasize that women need more support in managing their health. Many women do not disclose their diagnosis due to fear of losing income or family support. When they do seek care, lack of acceptance can deter them from following through with treatment. Women also struggle with the weight of household responsibilities, leading to treatment interruptions. India has set a goal to eliminate TB by 2025, facing a high burden of disease. In 2022, there were 3,31,000 deaths due to TB. The government is focusing on improving TB care through the National TB Elimination Program, which includes initiatives for early detection and direct financial support for patients. Programs are being implemented to provide nutritional assistance and financial aid to help patients cope with the disease. The government also works to prevent TB through community engagement and support. However, experts urge that these efforts require better implementation and outreach, especially for the most vulnerable women who often lack necessary resources and support.